Hypodermic Needle Theory:
The Hypodermic Needle Theory states that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver. Essentially, audiences consume media in a PASSIVE manner by believing everything that's told to them, without giving it a second thought/without forming their own opinion beforehand.
e.g. The War of The Worlds was a book turned radio adaptation that aired in 1938 that was about aliens invading planet Earth. It was meant to be fiction, but still some people listening to the radio show fully believed that there was an actual alien invasion happening. This is a clear example of how audiences used to consume media passively.
Desensitization:
Desensitization is a process in which audiences are exposed to the same shocking/horrific event occurring over and over again up to the point that it no longer becomes as shocking as it used to be.
e.g. School shootings in the united states have occurred so frequently as of recent times that most people don't even bat an eye to a headline in a newspaper or on the news that yet another school shooting has happened, as it has become that common.
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